Cartographica for macintosh update#
Cartographica for macintosh series#

Selectable legends with grid lines significantly reduced the spread but led to a tendency to underestimate the values. Without any legends and only informed about the total numerical value represented by the whole cartogram, the distribution of estimates for individual regions was centered near the true value with substantial spread. We also evaluated the effectiveness of two additional features: grid lines and an interactive area-to-value legend that allows participants to select the value represented by the square. We investigated whether including an area-to-value legend (in the form of a square symbol next to the value represented by the square's area) makes it easier for map readers to estimate magnitudes.

Therefore, we conducted an experiment to determine the accuracy, speed, and confidence with which readers infer numerical data values for the mapped regions. Few studies have investigated whether readers can make accurate quantitative assessments using contiguous area cartograms. Temporal scale shift may interfere with the perception of time in cases where durations are compared.Ī contiguous area cartogram is a geographic map in which the area of each region is rescaled to be proportional to numerical data (e.g., population size) while keeping neighboring regions connected. However, a visualization with several timelines, and an animated time which slowed down toward present time, generated the best results for the majority of items tested. Our results indicate that the choice of animation should depend on the teaching intention. Making correct comparisons of time intervals was relatively independent of which animation was used with one notable exception: groups working with an animation featuring several timelines and a decreasing default animated time rate performed worst at comparing events with intervals that spanned parts of the timeline with different scales. The ability to estimate the duration of a time interval was more difficult for groups working with animations with only one timeline, especially at the end of the animation where the sequence of events occurred quickly. We also found that the ability to comprehend concurrent events can be impaired if several timelines are displayed and the animation speed is relatively high. The results revealed that “finding events at specific times” near to the end of the animation (closer to present time), where the sequence of events appeared very quickly, was more difficult for groups working with animations with only one timeline. The temporal aspects were investigated using undergraduate students’ ability to find events at specific times, to comprehend relative order, to comprehend concurrent events, to estimate the duration of time intervals and their ability to compare the lengths of time intervals. Two factors, namely differences in timelines (the number of timelines with different scales) and the mode of the default animated time rate (either constant throughout the animation or decreasing as the animation progressed) were combined to give four different time representations. The aim of this descriptive and exploratory study was to investigate how various representations of time in an animation affect the way undergraduate students comprehend different temporal aspects of hominin evolution. One way of addressing this subject is to use animations that represent evolutionary time.

Cartographica for macintosh series#

Finally, there are a series of new modules to analyse raster and vector data some of the already existing modules were improved and made faster (some even 1000 x faster).Macroevolutionary time is a difficult idea to grasp and is considered to be a threshold concept in teaching and learning evolution. A lot of effort has been invested to standardize parameter and flag names.

Cartographica for macintosh update#

This requires an easy to manage topology format update including a new spatial index. Furthermore, the vector library was significantly improved to make it faster and more efficient, along with support of huge files. This new API permits users to create new GRASS GIS-Python modules in a simple way while yet obtaining powerful and fast modules. The developers have added important new functionality to the core system, among that the new Python interface to the C library. The old Tcl/Tk based GUI has been dropped. The graphical user interface based on wxPython (introduced in GRASS GIS 6.4) has been enriched with many new features in order to make complex GIS operations available as simple as possible. Answers without enough detail may be edited or deleted.Īs of 2015, the new stable major release GRASS GIS 7.0.0 is available. Want to improve this post? Provide detailed answers to this question, including citations and an explanation of why your answer is correct.